01
PATTERN
place に N が あります／います
Use あります for inanimate things and います for people or animals. に marks the location.
EXAMPLE · 例文公園 に 猫 が います。
There is a cat in the park.
第10課 · COMPLETE LESSON
どこに ありますか
Where things are
Grammar first. Vocabulary ready when you are.These notes follow the grammar progression in the supplied Kanrin / Minna no Nihongo material. Each rule is summarized in English and paired with a fresh Japanese example, reading support, and translation.
GRAMMAR NOTES · 文法Build the pattern.
Build the pattern.
Then see it move.
Read the rule, cover the translation, and say the Japanese example aloud once.
02
PATTERN
N は place に あります／います
Make the known person or thing the topic with は when saying where it is.
EXAMPLE · 例文鍵 は 机 の 上 に あります。
The key is on the desk.
03
PATTERN
position words
Position nouns such as 上, 下, 前, 後ろ, 右, 左, 中, and 外 are linked to a reference noun with の.
EXAMPLE · 例文銀行 は 駅 の 前 に あります。
The bank is in front of the station.
04
PATTERN
N1 や N2
や gives an incomplete list: N1, N2, and so on. など may be added after the list.
EXAMPLE · 例文箱 の 中 に 手紙 や 写真 が あります。
There are letters, photos, and other things in the box.
LESSON WORDS · 語彙
Open spaced repetition →49 words from this lesson.
exist, be (referring to inanimate things)
exist, be (referring to animate things)
various
man
woman
boy
girl
dog
cat
panda
elephant
tree, wood
thing
battery
box
switch
refrigerator
table
bed
shelf
door
window
mailbox, postbox
building
cash machine, ATM (Automatic Teller Machine)
convenience store
park
café, coffee shop
～ shop, ～ store
a fixed place to catch taxis, trains, etc.
prefecture
on, above, over
under, below, beneath
front, before
back, behind
right [side]
left [side]
in, inside
outside
next, next door
near, vicinity
between, among
～, ～, and so on
Thank you.
nam pla
corner, section
the bottom
Tokyo Disneyland
a fictitious supermarket