01
PATTERN
た-form
The た-form is the plain past form. Its sound changes mirror the て-form endings.
EXAMPLE · 例文昨日 新しい 店 へ 行った。
I went to a new shop yesterday.
第19課 · COMPLETE LESSON
ことが あります
Experience and change
Grammar first. Vocabulary ready when you are.These notes follow the grammar progression in the supplied Kanrin / Minna no Nihongo material. Each rule is summarized in English and paired with a fresh Japanese example, reading support, and translation.
GRAMMAR NOTES · 文法Build the pattern.
Build the pattern.
Then see it move.
Read the rule, cover the translation, and say the Japanese example aloud once.
02
PATTERN
Vた ことが あります
Use the た-form plus ことがあります to talk about life experience.
EXAMPLE · 例文富士山 に 登った こと が あります。
I have climbed Mount Fuji.
03
PATTERN
Vたり Vたり します
List representative actions with たり; the list is not exhaustive and ends with します.
EXAMPLE · 例文日曜日 は 本 を 読んだり、料理したり します。
On Sundays I do things like read and cook.
04
PATTERN
い-adj く なります
Change final い to く and add なります to express a change in an い-adjective state.
EXAMPLE · 例文だんだん 暖かく なりました。
It gradually became warmer.
05
PATTERN
N／な-adj に なります
Nouns and な-adjectives take に before なります to express becoming.
EXAMPLE · 例文来年 会社員 に なります。
I will become a company employee next year.
LESSON WORDS · 語彙
Open spaced repetition →26 words from this lesson.
climb, go up
stay [at a hotel]
clean (a room)
wash (clothes)
become
sleepy
strong
weak
practice (～［を］します : practise)
golf (～を します : play golf)
sumo wrestling (～を します : wrestle)
tea ceremony
day, date
condition
once
not once, never (used with negatives)
gradually
soon
Thank you. (used when expressing gratitude for help received)
but
Bottoms up./Cheers!
diet (～を します : go on a diet)
excessive, impossible
good for one's health
Tokyo Sky Tree (broadcasting tower with observation deck in Tokyo)
a famous Edo-period woodblock artist and painter (1760-1849)