dictionary form
The dictionary form is the plain affirmative non-past verb form and is used before many grammar expressions.
I brush my teeth before sleeping.
ことが できます
These notes follow the grammar progression in the supplied Kanrin / Minna no Nihongo material. Each rule is summarized in English and paired with a fresh Japanese example, reading support, and translation.
Read the rule, cover the translation, and say the Japanese example aloud once.
The dictionary form is the plain affirmative non-past verb form and is used before many grammar expressions.
I brush my teeth before sleeping.
Turn an action into a noun with こと, then add ができます to express ability or possibility.
I can read kanji.
Use a dictionary-form verb plus こと to name an activity as a hobby.
My hobby is taking photos.
Use the dictionary form before 前に for actions; nouns take の. A duration before 前に means “ago.”
I studied Japanese before coming to Japan.
なかなか with a negative means something does not happen easily or as often as hoped.
In Japan I do not get many chances to use English.
ぜひ strongly expresses a wish or recommendation and often appears with ~たいです or ~てください.
I definitely want to go to Kyoto.
be able to, can
wash
play (stringed instrument, piano, etc.)
sing
collect, gather
throw away
exchange, change
drive
reserve, book
piano
- meter
cash
hobby
diary
prayer (~を します : pray)
section head
department head
company president
animal
horse
Internet
especially
What! Really! (used when expressing surprise)
That's interesting, isn't it?
not easily (used with negatives)
Really?
by all means, really
Furusato (a song title meaning 'Home Town')
the Beatles (a famous British pop group)
a district in Tokyo