01
PATTERN
clause + N
A plain-form clause can directly modify a noun. Japanese places the entire description before the noun.
EXAMPLE · 例文これは 昨日 買った 本 です。
This is the book I bought yesterday.
第22課 · COMPLETE LESSON
どんな ひとですか
Describing nouns
Grammar first. Vocabulary ready when you are.These notes follow the grammar progression in the supplied Kanrin / Minna no Nihongo material. Each rule is summarized in English and paired with a fresh Japanese example, reading support, and translation.
GRAMMAR NOTES · 文法Build the pattern.
Build the pattern.
Then see it move.
Read the rule, cover the translation, and say the Japanese example aloud once.
02
PATTERN
relative clause subject が
Inside a noun-modifying clause, the subject is normally marked with が rather than は.
EXAMPLE · 例文母 が 作った 料理 は おいしいです。
The food my mother made is delicious.
03
PATTERN
clause tense
Choose dictionary, ない, た, or なかった inside the clause according to the described action; the main sentence has its own tense.
EXAMPLE · 例文明日 会う 人 は 田中さん です。
The person I will meet tomorrow is Mr Tanaka.
04
PATTERN
V dictionary + 時間／約束／用事
A verb clause can specify the content of a time, appointment, or errand noun.
EXAMPLE · 例文銀行 へ 行く 用事 が あります。
I have an errand that requires going to the bank.
LESSON WORDS · 語彙
Open spaced repetition →31 words from this lesson.
put on (a shirt, etc.)
put on (shoes, trousers, etc.)
put on (a hat, etc.)
put on [glasses]
put on [tie]
be born
we
coat
sweater
suit
hat, cap
glasses
cake
box lunch
robot
humor
convenience
often
well, let me see
Congratulations. (used on birthdays, at weddings, New Year's Day, etc.)
Are you looking for ～?
Well then,
this (polite equivalent of これ)
rent
kitchen with a dining area
Japanese-style room
Japanese-style closet
Japanese-style mattress and quilt
Paris
the Great Wall of China
title of a fictitious questionnaire