01
PATTERN
～とき
Attach とき to plain verb and adjective forms. Nouns and な-adjectives use の／な before とき in non-past form.
EXAMPLE · 例文暇な とき、音楽 を 聞きます。
When I am free, I listen to music.
第23課 · COMPLETE LESSON
とき
When and whenever
Grammar first. Vocabulary ready when you are.These notes follow the grammar progression in the supplied Kanrin / Minna no Nihongo material. Each rule is summarized in English and paired with a fresh Japanese example, reading support, and translation.
GRAMMAR NOTES · 文法Build the pattern.
Build the pattern.
Then see it move.
Read the rule, cover the translation, and say the Japanese example aloud once.
02
PATTERN
V dictionary とき／Vた とき
The dictionary form means the main action occurs before the とき action finishes; た means it occurs after completion.
EXAMPLE · 例文家 を 出る とき、電気 を 消します。
I turn off the lights when leaving home.
03
PATTERN
V dictionary + と
Use と for an inevitable or repeated result: when A happens, B naturally follows. It is not used for commands or personal intentions in B.
EXAMPLE · 例文この ボタン を 押す と、ドア が 開きます。
When you press this button, the door opens.
04
PATTERN
place を movement verb
を can mark the route or space through which movement occurs.
EXAMPLE · 例文毎朝 公園 を 散歩します。
I walk through the park every morning.
LESSON WORDS · 語彙
Open spaced repetition →28 words from this lesson.
ask [the teacher]
turn
pull
change
touch [a door]
[change] come out
walk
cross [a bridge]
turn [to the right]
lonely
hot water
sound
size
breakdown (～します : break down)
road, way
crossroads
traffic light
corner
bridge
car park, parking lot
building
many times
the -th (indicating order)
Prince Shotoku (574-622)
Horyuji Temple, a temple in Nara Prefecture built by Prince Shotoku at the beginning of the 7th century
a fictitious tea
a fictitious station
a fictitious bus stop